Perception
Perception is the boundary between a system and the world: signals, physiological sensing, raw measurements, sensor fusion, and the work of extracting reliable information from noisy reality.
Intelligence
Intelligence is the internal layer where structure is learned, uncertainty is managed, and decisions become possible. This includes machine learning, generative models, representation learning, reasoning workflows, and model-guided inference.
Action
Action is where computation becomes behavior. This includes control, robotics, multi-agent coordination, planning, middleware, validation, and the engineering needed to survive outside controlled demonstrations.